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Tiberine Island, located in the Tiber River, was dedicated by the Romans to the god of medicine, Aesculapius.
According to legend, twins Romulus and Remus were fathered by the war god Mars and born to a Latin princess. The Latin king at the time was afraid the twins might make claim to his throne so he had them put in a basket and set adrift on the Tiber River.

The king assumed they would die, but Romulus and Remus were found by a female wolf who fed them her own milk. Soon after, a shepherd adopted them and raised them as his own. Upon growing up, the boys vowed to build a city where they had been abandoned as babies. Each brother chose a hill and became leader of a new city. Eventually quarrels broke out and Romulus killed Remus, leaving Romulus's hilltop, Palatine, the center of the new city called Rome.

Some of the earliest Roman settlements (8th-9th centuries B.C.) rose from this Palatine Hill. Later it became an exclusive residential district including an imperial palace and several patrician villas.

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